Although European countries are expected to share certain norms about health care, rates of HIV infection and the resources available for prevention and treatment vary considerably across the region. These differences are shaped by variations in political processes, policy developments, and activist initiatives. Under these conditions, various forms of “citizenship” emerge, meaning that people are granted rights in relation to HIV, such as the right to treatment, and these rights also come with responsibilities.The EUROPACH project will thus explore the relations between developments of the past – such as the elaboration of local health policies and the building of community-based networks – and the current conditions of care provision and concepts of citizenship throughout Europe.